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A 58-year-old female presents to the clinic with a complaint of worsening knee pain over the
past two years. She describes the pain as a deep, aching sensation that worsens with activity,
particularly after long periods of standing or walking. She reports morning stiffness that lasts
about 15 minutes and notices some swelling in her knees at the end of the day. The patient has
difficulty climbing stairs and feels her range of motion is becoming limited. She has a history of
obesity (BMI 32) and has worked as a retail cashier for over 30 years, which involves prolonged
standing. Physical examination reveals crepitus (a grating sensation) upon knee movement, mild
swelling, and decreased range of motion. X-rays show joint space narrowing and osteophyte
formation.
In 1 -2 pages, answer the questions below in detail. You must use current evidence-based
resources to support your answers. Follow APA guidelines. Follow the grading rubric.
Questions:
1. What are the risk factors that likely contributed to the development of osteoarthritis in
this patient?
2. What is the pathophysiology of osteoarthritis, and how does it relate to the patient’s
symptoms, such as pain and stiffness?
3. Why does the patient experience more pain after long periods of standing or walking?
4. What is the significance of the crepitus and joint space narrowing observed during the
physical exam and on the X-ray?
5. How does obesity play a role in the progression of osteoarthritis in the knee joints?This topic is closed for comments.

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