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III. Literature Review
a. This is the “meat and potatoes” of your paper. Here, you will organize your themes and research in a way that tells a story. You do not state one bit of research after another Example: According to Smith and Smith (2015) …, and Jones and Jones said this, and Johnson says this. That makes for a boring paper. Instead, you will write something like this: “Anxiety among college students is rising and university counselors have seen the increase in the past few years (Smith & Smith, 2015; Jones & Jones, 2017). While this data is fairly clear, what is less certain is a definite cause (Johnson, 2017).” This style of writing is more palatable to readers and actually saves your sanity. Having to write about one study after another is tedious for you as the writer and boring for your readers.
b. In your literature review section, organize your paper by themes. For example, if you have chosen to write about the psychological effects on psychological effects of placing the elderly in nursing homes, you might break it into themes like so:
i. Theme 1: Statistics of Psychological Disorders Among the Elderly
ii. Theme 2: Lack of Family Support and Communication Among Nursing Home Elderly Patients
iii. Theme 3: Effects of Isolation Among Elderly Nursing Home Patients
c. Another example of breaking your paper into themes might include:
i. Main Topic: Effectiveness of Mindfulness for Stress Management Among College Students
ii. Theme 1: Five Senses Exercise
iii. Theme 2: Focused Breathing
iv. Theme 3: Raisin Exercise
v. Theme 4: Body Scan Meditation
Writing and Formatting
▪ Your paper must be written in Arial, 11 font, and double spaced.
▪ Your paper MUST be written in APA format. Other formats will not be accepted and you will lose considerable points for not completing your paper in the required format. A helpful resource is PurdueOwl located at https://owl.purdue.edu/owl/research_and_citation/apa_style/apa_formatting_and_style_guide/general_format.html
▪ When you are discussing a particular research study or research in general, you never write “The research proves…” Instead of saying that the research proves something, because it rarely does, you simply write that the research suggests, depicts, indicates, or another word meaning something similar.
▪ When you list numbers, the numbers zero-nine are written as words. Numbers 10 and above are written in numerical format. When writing percentages, use the numerical format for all numbers such as 50%.
▪ Never start a sentence with a number (Example: 9 percent of the population…). Instead, use the written number no matter the number or if it is a percent.
▪ Do not use contractions (don’t, can’t, etc.) as they are not considered a part of professional writing.
▪ When writing in APA format, your paper must be in the correct tense. APA is written in the past tense or third person (Example: Smith and Jones (2016) found in their research that…).
▪ Review this link to see the correct point of view and verb tense of APA writing: https://owl.purdue.edu/owl/research_and_citation/apa6_style/apa_formatting_and_style_guide/apa_stylistics_basics.html
▪ Do not use direct quotations. Instead, paraphrase what you want to use from your source and cite the source at the end of the statement/
▪ Do not write your paper in Microsoft Office Online Word. It does not have all the features your will need to complete your paper properly.
▪ Here are some sample journal articles of literature reviews:
o https://laverne.libguides.com/ld.php?content_id=1226588. Formats in journal articles and college student writing is slightly different but just pay attention to the structure and format.
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